建設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)中心需要多少成本？How Much Does it Cost to Build a Data Center?

    建設(shè)一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心，包括建設(shè)建筑物以及為服務(wù)器、存儲(chǔ)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備配備電力和冷卻基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，需要多少成本？How much does it cost to build a data center, including construction of the building, and equipping the facility with power and cooling infrastructure to house server, storage, and networking equipment?
    一般來說，建造一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心的成本在每平方英尺600到1,100美元之間，或者每兆瓦托管IT負(fù)載的成本在700萬美元到1200萬美元之間。因此，如果要在全球最大的數(shù)據(jù)中心市場(chǎng)北弗吉尼亞州建造一個(gè)700,000平方英尺，60兆瓦的數(shù)據(jù)中心，則建造該設(shè)施的成本將在4.2億至7.7億美元之間，包括其配置完備的建筑和為建筑物配備適當(dāng)?shù)碾姎庀到y(tǒng)和HVAC組件等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
As a general rule, it costs between $600 to $1,100 per gross square foot or $7 million to $12 million per megawatt of commissioned IT load to build a data center. Therefore, if a 700,000-square foot, 60-megawatt data center were to be built in Northern Virginia, the world’s largest data center market, it would cost between $420 million and $770 million to construct the facility, including its powered shell and equipping the building with the appropriate electrical systems and HVAC components.
    Dgtl Infra 概述了構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)中心的組成部分，詳細(xì)介紹了每平方英尺及每兆瓦的成本，并按類型（零售、批發(fā)、本地和地理位置）進(jìn)一步細(xì)分了這些關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的構(gòu)建成本和地理。Dgtl Infra provides an overview of the components of building a data center, details the cost on a square footage- and megawatt-basis, and further segments the build costs for these mission-critical facilities by type (retail, wholesale, on-premises) and geography.
    構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)中心的組成部分是什么？What are the Components of Building a Data Center?
    新建數(shù)據(jù)中心（指未開發(fā)或未使用的土地上進(jìn)行的新建設(shè)項(xiàng)目），包括設(shè)施運(yùn)營(yíng)中使用的必要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和組件，通?？煞譃樗拇箢悾篿）土地和建筑外殼，ii）電氣系統(tǒng)，iii）暖通空調(diào)/機(jī)械/冷卻系統(tǒng)，以及iv）建筑裝修。以下是每個(gè)類別的描述，以及它們的典型成本細(xì)分范圍：Building a greenfield data center, including the necessary infrastructure and components used in the operation of the facility, can generally be broken down into four main categories: i) land and building shell, ii) electrical systems, iii) HVAC / mechanical / cooling systems, and iv) building fit-out. Below is a description of each of these categories, alongside their typical cost breakdown ranges:
    土地和建筑外殼（15%至20%）：建筑外殼，活動(dòng)地板Land and Building Shell (15% to 20%): building shell, raised floor電氣系統(tǒng)（40%至45%）：備用發(fā)電機(jī)、電池、電源分配單元（PDU）、不間斷電源（UPS）、開關(guān)設(shè)備/變壓器Electrical Systems (40% to 45%): electrical backup generator, batteries, power distribution unit (PDU), uninterruptible power supply (UPS), switchgear / transformers暖通空調(diào)/機(jī)械/冷卻系統(tǒng)（15%至20%）：機(jī)房空調(diào)（CRAC）、機(jī)房空氣處理器（CRAH）、風(fēng)冷式冷水機(jī)組、冷凍水儲(chǔ)存和管道HVAC / Mechanical / Cooling Systems (15% to 20%): computer room air conditioner (CRAC), computer room air handler (CRAH), air cooled chillers, chilled water storage and pipes建筑裝修（20%至25%）：大堂/入口，會(huì)見室（MMR），收發(fā)區(qū)Building Fit-Out (20% to 25%): lobby / entrance, meet-me room (MMR), shipping & receiving area

    重要的是，數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)商通常不擁有其設(shè)施內(nèi)的任何服務(wù)器、存儲(chǔ)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備。Importantly, data center operators generally do not own any of the server, storage, or networking equipment housed within their facilities.
數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)備能用多久？How Long Does Data Center Equipment Last?
    數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)備，包括發(fā)電機(jī)、電源分配單元（PDU）、不間斷電源 （UPS）、開關(guān)設(shè)備/變壓器和 HVAC/冷卻系統(tǒng)，使用壽命均為 20+ 年。作為參考，被Digital Realty（紐約證券交易所代碼：DLR）收購(gòu)的杜邦法布羅斯（Dupont Fabros）在歷史上披露了其數(shù)據(jù)中心資產(chǎn)主要組件折舊的使用壽命：Data center equipment, including generators, power distribution units (PDUs), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), switchgear / transformers, and HVAC / cooling systems all have useful lives of 20+ years. As a reference point, Dupont Fabros, which was acquired by Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR), historically disclosed the useful lives over which the major components of its data center properties were depreciated:

    值得注意的是，數(shù)據(jù)中心需要更頻繁地更換的一個(gè)組件是電池，它可以保護(hù)設(shè)施免受電力中斷的影響。在停電的情況下，電池首先供電，然后是備用發(fā)電機(jī)（大約需要一分鐘才能打開）。通常，電池有使用壽命，每5到6年更換一次。 Notably, one component of a data center that needs to be replaced much more frequently are batteries, which safeguard facilities from power disruptions. In the event of a power outage, batteries supply power first, followed by backup generators, which take about a minute to turn on. Typically, batteries have a useful life and are replaced every 5 to 6 years.
    建設(shè)一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心需要多少錢？How Much Does it Cost to Build a Data Center?
    數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本最好基于相對(duì)值，以平方英尺（sqft）和兆瓦（MW）來衡量。這是因?yàn)橛懈鞣N類型的數(shù)據(jù)中心，例如零售和批發(fā)，以及設(shè)施的規(guī)模，包括1兆瓦和50兆瓦，規(guī)模提供了建設(shè)成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。Data center build costs are best characterized on a relative basis, as measured by square footage (sqft) and megawatts (MW). This is because there are various types of data centers, such as retail and wholesale, as well as sizes of facilities, including 1-megawatt and 50-megawatt, where scale provides a build cost advantage.
平方英尺 （平方英尺）Square Footage (sqft)
    以下是綠地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心總開發(fā)成本構(gòu)成的說明性示例，基于總平方英尺，通常在每平方英尺625美元到1,135美元之間。兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵成本分組是與配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑和數(shù)據(jù)中心改進(jìn)相關(guān)的成本分組。
Below is an illustrative example of the total development cost components for a greenfield data center, based on gross square footage, which generally ranges between $625 to $1,135 per gross sqft. The two key cost groupings are those related to the powered shell and data center improvements.

數(shù)據(jù)中心 – 總開發(fā)成本示例
Data Center – Total Development Costs Example

配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑

Powered Shell
就配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑而言，土地成本在每平方英尺25美元到75美元之間，而建筑外殼成本在每平方英尺80美元到160美元之間。因此，配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑的總成本在每平方英尺105美元至235美元之間，相當(dāng)于總開發(fā)成本的17%至21%。In terms of the powered shell, land costs range between $25 to $75 per gross sqft, while the building shell costs between $80 to $160 per gross sqft. As such, the total powered shell costs range between $105 to $235 per gross sqft, equivalent to 17% to 21% of total development costs.
數(shù)據(jù)中心改進(jìn)

    Data Center Improvements然后，數(shù)據(jù)中心的改進(jìn)將這個(gè)配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑提升到交鑰匙（即完全安裝）的設(shè)施。這意味著數(shù)據(jù)中心已準(zhǔn)備好容納具有電源分配單元（PDU）、不間斷電源（UPS）、HVAC系統(tǒng)和滅火功能的機(jī)柜和機(jī)架。Data center improvements then bring this powered shell up to a turn-key (i.e., fully fitted-out) facility. This means that the data center is ready to house cages, cabinets, and racks with power distribution units (PDUs), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), HVAC systems, and fire suppression capabilities in-place.
    電氣系統(tǒng)是數(shù)據(jù)中心改進(jìn)的最大組成部分，成本在每平方英尺280美元到460美元之間。接下來，主要是HVAC（供暖、通風(fēng)和空調(diào)）的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步增加了每平方英尺125至215美元的成本。較小的成本組成部分，消防，涉及每平方英尺15至25美元的額外成本。最后，建筑裝修占了剩余的每平方英尺數(shù)據(jù)中心100至200美元的改進(jìn)成本。Electrical systems comprise the largest component of data center improvements, with costs ranging between $280 to $460 per gross sqft. Next, mechanical systems, which is primarily HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), add further costs of $125 to $215 per gross sqft. A smaller cost component, fire suppression, involves an additional $15 to $25 per gross sqft. Finally, building fit-out makes up the remaining $100 to $200 per gross sqft of data center improvement costs.
    總的來說，數(shù)據(jù)中心的總改進(jìn)成本在每平方英尺520美元到900美元之間，相當(dāng)于總開發(fā)成本的79%到83%。在數(shù)據(jù)中心改進(jìn)中，最大的兩類是電氣系統(tǒng)，占總開發(fā)成本的40%至45%，以及占總成本約20%的HVAC/機(jī)械/冷卻。
Collectively, total data center improvements range between $520 to $900 per gross sqft, equivalent to 79% to 83% of total development costs. Within data center improvements, the two largest categories are electrical systems, comprising 40% to 45% of total development costs and HVAC / mechanical / cooling at ~20% of total costs.

總開發(fā)成本

Total Development Costs
    總體而言，包括配置完備的基礎(chǔ)建筑和數(shù)據(jù)中心的改進(jìn)，總開發(fā)成本在每平方英尺625美元到1,135美元之間。Overall, including both powered shell and data center improvements, total development costs range between $625 to $1,135 per gross sqft.
或者，總開發(fā)成本可以根據(jù)凈可出租平方英尺（NRSF）來衡量，該平方英尺考慮了電力和冷卻能力的限制，并排除了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和設(shè)備占用的空間。假設(shè)NRSF等于總平方英尺的50%，那么每個(gè)NRSF的總開發(fā)成本將在1,250美元到2,200美元之間。Alternatively, total development costs could be measured on the basis of net rentable square feet (NRSF), which accounts for power and cooling capacity limitations and excludes space occupied by infrastructure and equipment. Assuming NRSF is equal to ~50% of gross square feet, then total development costs would range between $1,250 to $2,200 per NRSF.
兆瓦 （MW）
Megawatts (MW)
    基于兆瓦的新建數(shù)據(jù)中心的總開發(fā)成本通常在每兆瓦IT負(fù)載700萬美元到1200萬美元之間。Total development costs for a greenfield data center, based on megawatts, typically range from $7 million to $12 million per megawatt of commissioned IT load.
    然而，建造數(shù)據(jù)中心的每兆瓦成本可能會(huì)有所不同，這取決于與數(shù)據(jù)中心裝修的復(fù)雜程度相關(guān)的因素。為此，超大規(guī)模企業(yè)（如云服務(wù)提供商 （CSP） 和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司）對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)中心的要求因企業(yè)而異。However, the cost per megawatt to build a data center can vary, based on factors related to the sophistication of the data center fit-out. To this end, the data center requirements of hyperscalers – such as cloud service providers (CSPs) and internet companies – vary greatly from enterprises.
了解成本因素

Understanding the Cost Factors
    以下是客戶要求不同的四個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，這些領(lǐng)域會(huì)影響構(gòu)建成本：Below are four key areas where customer requirements differ, impacting build costs:
    功率密度：在固定空間內(nèi)可用的功率。高密度空間是指相對(duì)于空間的大量功率，而低密度空間表示相對(duì)于空間的功率較小。對(duì)于需要高密度空間的用戶，需要額外的冷卻能力來滿足IT設(shè)備功率需求和熱排放的增加，從而導(dǎo)致更高的成本Power Density: amount of power available in a fixed amount of space. High-density space refers to a large amount of power relative to space, while low-density space signifies a smaller amount of power relative to space. For customers desiring high-density space, additional cooling capacity is needed to match increases in IT equipment power requirements and heat exhaustion – which leads to higher costs
      冗余/彈性：為了減少停機(jī)時(shí)間，數(shù)據(jù)中心在其設(shè)施中構(gòu)建了冗余，這復(fù)制了備用發(fā)電機(jī)、不間斷電源（UPS）、電源分配單元（PDU）和冷卻系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵組件。隨著冗余架構(gòu)級(jí)別（稱為 N、N+1、N+2、2N 和 2N+1）的提高，構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)中心的成本也相應(yīng)增加Redundancy/Resiliency: to mitigate downtime, data centers build redundancy into their facilities, which duplicates critical components such as backup generators, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power distribution units (PDUs), and cooling systems. As the level of redundancy architecture increases, known as N, N+1, N+2, 2N, and 2N+1, a corresponding rise in the cost of building a data center results
    規(guī)模：從設(shè)施層面和企業(yè)的角度來看，大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)中心的開發(fā)和產(chǎn)品組合允許更大的購(gòu)買力，從而更具成本效益地從施耐德電氣、伊頓和維諦等制造商處采購(gòu)電氣系統(tǒng)和暖通空調(diào)組件。這樣可以降低數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的單位成本Scale: from both a facility-level and corporate perspective, large-scale data center developments and portfolios allow for greater purchasing power and thus more cost-effective procurement of electrical systems and HVAC components from manufacturers like Schneider Electric, Eaton, and Vertiv. This leads to lower unit costs for data center construction projects
    時(shí)間：與構(gòu)建數(shù)據(jù)中心的一個(gè)階段并使其為客戶占用運(yùn)行所需的時(shí)間有關(guān)?？蛻敉ǔＰ枰诜浅＞唧w和短的時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得數(shù)據(jù)中心空間，而構(gòu)建成本可能更高。而建立在投機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上的數(shù)據(jù)中心（即沒有客戶預(yù)先承諾）可以隨著時(shí)間的推移進(jìn)行安裝，從而可能節(jié)省成本Timing: relates to the time that it takes to construct a phase of a data center and make it operational for a customer’s occupation. Customers often need data center space within very specific and short timeframes, which can be more costly to build. Whereas data centers built on-speculation (i.e., without a customer pre-commitment) can be fitted-out over time, potentially yielding cost savings
    Tier認(rèn)證級(jí)別Tier Certification Levels
    Uptime Institute 通常通過四個(gè)不同的認(rèn)證級(jí)別對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)中心進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)：Tier I、Tier II、Tier III 和 Tier IV。該評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)對(duì)每個(gè)認(rèn)證等級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)中心提供的功能和最低服務(wù)水平有嚴(yán)格而具體的要求，冗余組件的水平是一個(gè)主要因素。Data centers are commonly rated by the Uptime Institute through four distinct tier certification levels: Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, and Tier IV. This rating system has strict and specific requirements for the capabilities and minimum level of service a data center certified for each ‘tier’ provides – with the level of redundant components being a major factor.
    通過需要更大的冗余來實(shí)現(xiàn)更高級(jí)別的認(rèn)證，隨著項(xiàng)目以更高級(jí)別的認(rèn)證級(jí)別為目標(biāo)，數(shù)據(jù)中心的裝修成本也會(huì)上升。例如，建造和裝修 Tier IV 數(shù)據(jù)中心的成本可能比 Tier III 數(shù)據(jù)中心高出 25% 到 40%，是 Tier II 數(shù)據(jù)中心的兩倍。By requiring greater redundancy to achieve higher tier certification, the costs of fitting-out a data center rise as a project targets a higher tier certification level. For example, the cost of constructing and fitting-out a Tier IV data center can be 25% to 40% more than a Tier III data center and double that of a Tier II data center.
    棕地開發(fā)Brownfield Development
    除了綠地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心，還可以通過棕地重建項(xiàng)目獲得有意義的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。例如，QTS Realty Trust已將許多現(xiàn)有的房地產(chǎn)資產(chǎn)（如半導(dǎo)體制造廠和報(bào)紙印刷廠）重新用于數(shù)據(jù)中心。Beyond greenfield data centers, a meaningful cost advantage can also be gained through brownfield redevelopment projects. For example, QTS Realty Trust has repurposed many existing real estate assets, such as semiconductor fabrication plants and newspaper printing presses, into data centers.
    此前，QTS已注意到其現(xiàn)有建筑的棕地重建具有10%至15%的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)，轉(zhuǎn)化為每兆瓦節(jié)省數(shù)百萬美元的成本。具體而言，QTS的棕地重建方法導(dǎo)致平均建造成本為每兆瓦700萬至800萬美元。Previously, QTS has noted a 10% to 15% cost advantage from its brownfield redevelopment of existing buildings, translating into cost savings of several million dollars per megawatt. Specifically, QTS’ brownfield redevelopment approach resulted in an average cost to build of $7 million to $8 million per megawatt.
    設(shè)施類型 – 數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本Types of Facilities – Data Center Build Costs
    數(shù)據(jù)中心的建設(shè)成本受所建設(shè)設(shè)施類型的影響，無論是零售托管、批發(fā)還是本地部署。盡管如此，所有這些數(shù)據(jù)中心類型，無論是服務(wù)于零售客戶還是大定制客戶，都需要相同的基本電氣和 HVAC 系統(tǒng)來為其設(shè)施中的設(shè)備供電和冷卻。Data center build costs are influenced by the type of facility being constructed, whether it be retail colocation, wholesale, or on-premises. Still, all of these data center types, whether serving retail or wholesale customers, require the same fundamental electrical and HVAC systems to power and cool the equipment in their facilities.
    雖然沒有兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中心是完全相同的，但 Dgtl Infra 提供了零售托管、大定制和本地設(shè)施的投資組合和資產(chǎn)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本示例。特別是，這些數(shù)字是基于數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)商對(duì)其新站點(diǎn)和/或擴(kuò)展站點(diǎn)的資本支出披露。While no two data centers are identical, Dgtl Infra provides examples of portfolio and asset-level data center construction costs for retail colocation, wholesale, and on-premises facilities. Particularly, these figures are based on capital expenditure disclosures from data center operators for their new and/or expansion sites.
    零售主機(jī)托管Retail Colocation
     零售主機(jī)托管涉及向多個(gè)客戶提供交鑰匙數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)，這些客戶具有較小的單個(gè)功率容量要求，通常低于1兆瓦，并且位于相同的數(shù)據(jù)大廳內(nèi)。這些零售數(shù)據(jù)中心的成本往往達(dá)到每平方英尺和每兆瓦的構(gòu)建成本范圍的上線，因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰軌蜻m應(yīng)多種類型的客戶部署。Retail colocation involves the provision of turn-key data center services to multiple customers with smaller individual power capacity requirements, typically under 1 megawatt, and within the same data halls. These retail data centers tend to cost towards the high-end of build cost ranges, on a per sqft and per megawatt basis, as they need to be capable of accommodating multiple types of customer deployments.
CoreSite – 示例

CoreSite – Example
    American Tower通過其品牌CoreSite擁有總計(jì)3.259億美元的數(shù)據(jù)中心開發(fā)管道，以及20兆瓦的電力容量和148k平方英尺的在建空間。反過來，這個(gè)以零售和互連為重點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)管道意味著每兆瓦1630萬美元和每平方英尺2,200美元的建設(shè)成本。American Tower, through its brand CoreSite, has a data center development pipeline totaling $325.9 million, with 20 megawatts of power capacity and 148k sqft under construction. In turn, this retail and interconnection-focused data center construction pipeline implies a cost to build of $16.3 million per megawatt and $2,200 per sqft.
    值得注意的是，CoreSite的數(shù)據(jù)中心開發(fā)管道完全位于美國(guó)，并偏向于建設(shè)成本更高的市場(chǎng)，包括硅谷（圣克拉拉）、洛杉磯和紐約。Notably, CoreSite’s data center development pipeline is entirely in the United States and skewed towards markets where construction is more expensive, including Silicon Valley (Santa Clara), Los Angeles, and New York.
大定制Wholesale
    大定制數(shù)據(jù)中心以整棟建筑或數(shù)據(jù)大廳的形式出租給單個(gè)客戶，可以使用基本的電力和冷卻基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在這些設(shè)施中，客戶負(fù)責(zé)將空白空間建設(shè)成一個(gè)功能齊全的數(shù)據(jù)中心。Wholesale data centers are leased to a single customer, in the form of either a full building or data hall, with access to basic power and cooling infrastructure. In these facilities, the customer is responsible for building-out the white space into a fully functioning data center.

    不言而喻，為單個(gè)租戶或少數(shù)具有類似要求的客戶構(gòu)建的數(shù)據(jù)中心可以使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的設(shè)計(jì)和材料進(jìn)行開發(fā)，從而提高施工效率。此外，如前所述，大型數(shù)據(jù)中心開發(fā)項(xiàng)目允許更大的購(gòu)買力，從而更具成本效益地采購(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)中心組件，從而降低單位成本。Implicitly, a data center built for a single tenant, or for a few customers with similar requirements, can be developed with standardized designs and materials, driving construction efficiencies. Additionally, as previously noted, large-scale data center development projects allow for greater purchasing power and thus, more cost-effective procurement of data center components, leading to lower unit costs.
     總體而言，批發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)中心的建造成本（每平方英尺和每兆瓦）比多租戶零售托管設(shè)施更低。Overall, wholesale data centers can be built for a lower cost, on a per sqft and per megawatt basis, than multi-tenant retail colocation facilities.
    Digital Realty – 示例

Digital Realty – Example
Digital Realty的交鑰匙數(shù)據(jù)中心開發(fā)管道耗資38.6億美元，電力容量為321兆瓦，在建面積為368萬平方英尺。反過來，這個(gè)全球性的、主要是批發(fā)的數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)管道意味著每兆瓦1200萬美元和每平方英尺1050美元的建設(shè)成本。Digital Realty’s turn-key data center development pipeline comprises $3.86 billion, with 321 megawatts of power capacity and 3.68 million sqft under construction. In turn, this global and primarily wholesale data center construction pipeline implies a cost to build of $12.0 million per megawatt and $1,050 per sqft.
Equinix （xScale） – 示例

Equinix (xScale) – Example
Equinix 在美洲、歐洲、中東和非洲地區(qū)和亞太地區(qū)有9個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的xScale（超大規(guī)模）數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)。這些項(xiàng)目的總成本為9.52億美元，發(fā)電容量為83兆瓦。反過來，Equinix的多區(qū)域批發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)中心開發(fā)管道意味著每兆瓦1150萬美元的建設(shè)成本。Equinix has 9 ongoing xScale (hyperscale) data center builds in the Americas, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific. In aggregate, these projects total $952 million of costs and represent 83 megawatts of power capacity. In turn, Equinix’s multi-region wholesale data center development pipeline implies a cost to build of $11.5 million per megawatt.
本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心On-Premises Data Centers
本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心由最終用戶（包括公司和組織）擁有和運(yùn)營(yíng)，以滿足他們自己的數(shù)據(jù)中心要求。例如，云服務(wù)提供商（CSP），包括亞馬遜網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（AWS），Microsoft Azure和谷歌云，以及蘋果和Facebook（Meta Platforms）等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司，通常追求一些數(shù)據(jù)中心的自建，而不是從第三方批發(fā)設(shè)施租賃所有容量需求。On-premises data centers are owned and operated by end users, including corporations and organizations, to meet their own data center requirements. For example, cloud service providers (CSPs), including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud, as well as internet companies like Apple and Facebook (Meta Platforms), often pursue self-builds of some of their data centers, instead of leasing all of their capacity needs from third-party wholesale facilities.
因此，本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心為評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)中心構(gòu)建成本提供了另一個(gè)相關(guān)基準(zhǔn)。為此，以下是 Apple 和 Facebook （Meta Platforms） 在美國(guó)的本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心的三個(gè)示例：As such, on-premises data centers provide another relevant benchmark to assess data center build costs. To this end, below are three examples of on-premises data centers in the United States from Apple and Facebook (Meta Platforms):Apple和Facebook（Meta平臺(tái)）——示例

Apple and Facebook (Meta Platforms) – Examples
蘋果：位于愛荷華州沃基的新數(shù)據(jù)中心園區(qū)最終將跨越6棟建筑，總面積為200萬平方英尺，投資額為13億美元，預(yù)計(jì)建造成本為每平方英尺650美元Apple: new data center campus in Waukee, Iowa will ultimately span 6 buildings, totaling 2 million sqft and will represent an investment of $1.3 billion, inferring a cost to build of $650 per sqft
Facebook（Meta）：位于愛達(dá)荷州庫(kù)納市的新數(shù)據(jù)中心園區(qū)將占地960k+平方英尺，投資額超過8億美元，這意味著每平方英尺的建設(shè)成本為833美元Facebook (Meta): new data center campus in the city of Kuna, Idaho will span 960k+ sqft and will represent an investment of over $800 million, implying a cost to build of $833 per sqft
Facebook（Meta）：密蘇里州堪薩斯城的新數(shù)據(jù)中心園區(qū)將占地近100萬平方英尺，投資額將超過8億美元，表明每平方英尺的建設(shè)成本為800美元
Facebook (Meta): new data center campus in Kansas City, Missouri will span nearly 1 million sqft and will represent an investment of more than $800 million, indicating a cost to build of $800 per sqft
地理比較 – 數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本Geographic Comparison – Data Center Build Costs
數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本顯示出有限的地理差異，因?yàn)橥恋貎H占總開發(fā)成本的~5%，勞動(dòng)力價(jià)格是另一個(gè)小貢獻(xiàn)者。下面，Dgtl Infra提供了Digital Realty和Equinix的示例，這些示例顯示了全球主要地區(qū)的投資組合和資產(chǎn)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)成本。Data center build costs show limited geographic variance, given that land only comprises ~5% of total development costs, with labor rates another small contributor. Below, Dgtl Infra provides examples, from Digital Realty and Equinix, of portfolio and asset-level data center construction costs for key regions globally.
美國(guó)
United States
在美國(guó)，Digital Realty的開發(fā)管道意味著平均建造成本為每兆瓦約950萬美元和每平方英尺約1,000美元。In the United States, Digital Realty’s development pipeline implies an average cost to build of ~$9.5 million per megawatt and ~$1,000 per sqft.
從區(qū)域來看，包括硅谷（圣克拉拉、圣何塞、舊金山）和紐約/新澤西都會(huì)區(qū)在內(nèi)的一線市場(chǎng)的土地價(jià)值更高。相比之下，達(dá)拉斯-沃斯堡和亞特蘭大往往在其郊區(qū)建造更大的批發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)中心，這使得土地價(jià)值和建設(shè)成本更加經(jīng)濟(jì)。Regionally, Tier-1 markets including Silicon Valley (Santa Clara, San Jose, San Francisco) and the New York / New Jersey metro area have more expensive land values. In contrast, Dallas-Fort Worth and Atlanta tend to have larger wholesale data centers built in their outer suburbs, which makes land values and build costs more economical.
歐洲Europe
在歐洲，Digital Realty的開發(fā)管道意味著平均建造成本為每兆瓦約1400萬美元和每平方英尺約1,200美元。在歐洲，德國(guó)法蘭克福，英國(guó)倫敦，法國(guó)巴黎和瑞士蘇黎世等市場(chǎng);與西班牙馬德里，愛爾蘭都柏林和荷蘭阿姆斯特丹相比，建設(shè)指標(biāo)的成本往往更高。In Europe, Digital Realty’s development pipeline implies an average cost to build of ~$14 million per megawatt and ~$1,200 per sqft. Within Europe, markets such as Frankfurt, Germany; London, UK; Paris, France; and Zurich, Switzerland; tend to have more expensive cost to build metrics than Madrid, Spain; Dublin, Ireland; and Amsterdam, Netherlands.
亞太地區(qū)Asia-Pacific
在亞太地區(qū)，Digital Realty的開發(fā)管道意味著平均建造成本為每兆瓦約1200萬美元和每平方英尺約1,000美元。特別是，亞太地區(qū)主要數(shù)據(jù)中心市場(chǎng)價(jià)格較高，包括日本東京，日本大阪，韓國(guó)首爾，新加坡，香港，澳大利亞悉尼，印度孟買，中國(guó)北京和中國(guó)上海。In Asia-Pacific, Digital Realty’s development pipeline implies an average cost to build of ~$12 million per megawatt and ~$1,000 per sqft. Particularly, key Asia-Pacific data center markets that are more expensive, include Tokyo, Japan; Osaka, Japan; Seoul, South Korea; Singapore; Hong Kong; Sydney, Australia; Mumbai, India; Beijing, China; and Shanghai, China.
然而，新加坡等市場(chǎng)的近鄰替代品，如馬來西亞柔佛州;和印度尼西亞巴淡島;提供成本更低的近岸替代方案。與此同時(shí)，這些國(guó)家的主要批發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)中心樞紐——馬來西亞吉隆坡（賽城）和印度尼西亞雅加達(dá)（Bekasi）——也更便宜。However, proximate alternatives to markets like Singapore, in the form of Johor, Malaysia; and Batam, Indonesia; provide lower-cost nearshore alternatives. At the same time, the main wholesale data center hubs within these countries – Kuala Lumpur (Cyberjaya), Malaysia and Jakarta (Bekasi), Indonesia – are also less expensive.
拉丁美洲Latin America
在拉丁美洲，四大數(shù)據(jù)中心市場(chǎng)分別是巴西圣保羅，墨西哥克雷塔羅（墨西哥城），智利圣地亞哥，和哥倫比亞波哥大。In Latin America, the four major data center markets are S?o Paulo, Brazil; Querétaro (Mexico City), Mexico; Santiago, Chile; and Bogotá, Colombia.
在克雷塔羅，Equinix通過其xScale（超大規(guī)模）合資企業(yè)正在建設(shè)其MX3數(shù)據(jù)中心的第一階段，即墨西哥城3x-1，耗資5800萬美元。該設(shè)施將擁有4兆瓦的電力容量，這意味著其第一階段的建設(shè)成本為每兆瓦1450萬美元。In Querétaro, Equinix, via its xScale (hyperscale) joint venture, is building the first phase of its MX3 data center, known as Mexico City 3x-1, at a cost of $58 million. This facility will have 4 megawatts of power capacity, implying a build cost of $14.5 million per megawatt, for its first phase.
然而，通過后續(xù)階段，Equinix 預(yù)計(jì)將MX3的電力容量擴(kuò)展到14兆瓦，總成本為1.4億美元，這意味著每兆瓦的構(gòu)建成本僅為1000萬美元。事實(shí)上，Equinix的例子表明，數(shù)據(jù)中心項(xiàng)目的初始階段可以具有更高的資本密集度，而后續(xù)的建設(shè)階段可以幫助使相對(duì)成本恢復(fù)到行業(yè)平均水平。Yet, through subsequent phases, Equinix expects to scale MX3 to 14 megawatts of power capacity, at a total cost of $140 million, which indicates a build cost of only $10 million per megawatt. Indeed, Equinix’s example shows how initial phases of data center projects can have a higher capital intensity, while subsequent phases of construction can help bring relative costs back in-line with industry averages.